Fire-Resistant Glass | Safety in Fire Protection

Fire-resistant glass is a crucial component of modern building fire protection. It not only enables the creation of bright, open spaces but also provides essential protection against the spread of fire and smoke in an emergency. Choosing the correct fire-resistant glass classification is critical to ensuring maximum safety.

Definition and Function

Fire-resistant glass is a specially engineered glazing designed to maintain its protective function for a defined period during a fire. It prevents the rapid spread of flames, hot gases, and smoke, helping to keep escape and rescue routes clear and limiting the fire load. Its protective effect is achieved through various technologies, such as special interlayers that foam and form an insulating barrier when exposed to heat.

The primary function of fire-resistant glass is to delay the spread of fire. This provides occupants with sufficient time to evacuate and supports emergency responders during firefighting operations.

Fire-Resistant Glass Classifications: E, EW, and EI

Fire-resistant glass is classified into different categories that define its level of protection. Classification is based on European standards (EN 13501-2) and indicates the duration of fire resistance and the type of protection provided:

Class E (Integrity)

Glass in this category prevents the passage of flames and smoke but does not protect against radiant heat on the non-fire side. It is commonly used in areas where limiting fire spread is the main priority and where no occupants are at immediate risk.

Class EW (Integrity with Radiation Control)

In addition to meeting class E requirements, EW glass reduces radiant heat transmission, though only to a limited degree. The surface temperature on the non-fire side increases moderately. These products are suitable for areas where some reduction of radiant heat is needed.

Class EI (Integrity with Insulation)

EI glass provides the highest level of protection. It prevents the passage of flames and smoke and significantly limits heat transfer to the non-fire side. The surface temperature remains below critical thresholds for a defined time, ensuring that people near the glass are protected from heat exposure. This class is essential for escape routes, rescue routes, and high-occupancy areas.

The number following the classification (e.g., EI 30, EW 60) indicates the number of minutes the glass maintains its fire resistance.

Applications and Selection Criteria

Choosing the appropriate fire-resistant glass class depends on several factors:

• Building type and use: Higher protection classes (EI) are often required in hospitals, schools, and public buildings.
• Location within the building: Glass used in escape routes or near critical areas typically requires a higher protection class.
• Building regulations: State building codes and special construction regulations define the required fire resistance classes for building components, including fire-resistant glass.
• Safety objectives: Requirements vary depending on whether the primary goal is protecting property or ensuring personal safety.

Fire-resistant glass is commonly used in fire doors, partitions, facades, and roof constructions to establish and maintain designated fire compartments.

Advantages of Fire-Resistant Glass

• Enhanced personal safety: Protects against flames, smoke, and—depending on class—radiant heat.
• Securing escape routes: Ensures accessible and safe evacuation routes for longer periods.
• Protection of assets: Limits fire spread and reduces potential damage.
• Aesthetic design: Enables transparent architectural concepts while meeting high safety standards.
• Regulatory compliance: Essential for building approval and safe operation.